Narrative text A Mermaid and a Magic Comb

A Mermaid and a Magic Comb

Cury, Cornwall, England                Dated: 1700 - 1800

The Little Mermaid

Once upon a time there was a young mermaid. She had seven other sisters. She was told: "When you sixteen you can go over the waves and see the human land". One by one the sisters went to the surface. Then it was the little mermaids turn. she went to the surface.it was a horrible day for sailing but the prince went sailing anyway. Suddenly the boat hit some rocks that werent visible. The prince was threw into the water. the little mermaid swam and pulled him on land and started singing to him. The next moment they were in love.

The little mermaid heard someone coming and swam away. She was still in love and wanted to marry the man with the split tailM so she went to the sea witch."I will grant your wish, but you must give me your voice and if the prince does not love you you will turn into sea troth and you soul will be mine". The little mermaid agreed. From his castle the prince could see the beach. he saw someone and ran down to see who it was. "Hello are you alright?" the mermaid went to speak but nothing came out. "You cant speak?" the mermaid nodded her head. "Come with me." A servant brought the mermaid some clothes. She slept all night. The prince was up early and went to the balcony. He heard singing. It sounded like the singing he heard when he almost drowned. He ran down to the beach "You save my life!" "Yes I did." It was the sea witch. she had tranfored into a beautiful lady using the little mermaids voice.

When the mermaid woke up she got a shock "We're going to marry tomorrow" said the prince to a wedding planner. The little mermaid was invited to. It was the third day. "I do" said the prince. It was sunset the little mermaid was standing on a rock by the sea. she was then swept off the rock and now and now belong to the sea witch.

Materi Ringkasan Bahasa Inggris Kelas IX

This Is Mind Mapping Picture to make us easy to learn English Vocabulary

The Kind Of The Text :

Procedure Text ( Imperative/ Intruction)

The goal of the procedure is how to make / how to operate.

Genre:

- The Goal/ The Purpose

- The Material

- The Step :

- Firstly…

- Next…

- Then…

- Afterthat…

- Finally…

Past tense/ Simple present tense

Narative text

The goal of the narative is to entertain.

Genre:

- Orientation

- Conflication

- Rerriantation

- Resolution

Simple past tense

Recount text

The goal of the recount is to retell about past experience.

Genre:

- Simple Past tense

- Orientation

- Event 1,

- Event 2, …

Report text

The goal of the report is to give information / news.

Genre:

- Identification

- Discription 1

- Discription 2

Simple present/ simple past tense

Discription text

The goal of the discriptive is to describe of thing or people.

Genre:

- general clasification

- description 1

- description 2

Simple present tense

Short Functional text

Example :

1. memo

2. message

3. letter

4. announcement

    The goal of the announcement is to announce the information 

5. invitation

    The goal of the invitation is to invite someone

6. advertisement

    The goal of the advertisement is to advertise / to promote the things

7. notice/ symbol

8. label

Tag Questions

Affirmative Sentence and  Negative Tags

·         She is a journalist, isn’t she?

·         I was very sick, wasn’t I ?

·         We can sing dangdut, can’t we ?

·         You live in Paris, don’t you ?

·         The published her book, didn’t they ?

·         I have told you, haven’t I ?

Negative Sentences and Positive Tags.

·         you aren’s a teacher, are you ?

·         they weren’t there yesterday, were they ?

·         she musn’t come, musn’t she ?

·         he doesn’t like the article, does he ?

·         you didn’t interview him, did you ?

·         the vocalist hasn’t come, has he?

Conditional Sentences

     You use the kind of conditional sentence when you are talking about a prediction for the future. Examples :

1.     If he has time, he will come.

He will come if he has time.

2.    I will not go if you don’t go.

If you don’t go, i will not go.

3.    Will she come if I invite her ?

Yes, she will.

She will come if you invite her.

Writing Personal Letter

            A personal letter is an informal written message between friends, relatives, and acquintances. Ussually, a personal letter is about personal fellings, thoughts, or experiences, which are meant to be read by a specific person.

The features of a personal letter :

·         The date.

·         Receiver’s  address.

·         An opening greeting or salutation, usually “Dear...”.

·         A sign off or farewell, for example : “Yours sincerely”, “Best regards”,”Best wishes”, or “Cheers”.

·         Your signature to close the letter.

·         The use of informal  language to express your fellings, thoughts, and experience.

Punctuations :

·         The dates are always in the order of day, month and year.

Commas are used after the city’s name in front of the date.

e.g. Jakarta, 11 November 2011

  Makassar, 28 Agustus 2011

·         We also use commas after greetings and farewells.

e.g. Dear Sari,

  Dear Dameria,

  Yours sincerely,

  Best regards,

  Always,

  Love,

·         We use commas to separate the different parts of the address which are written in order.

e.g. Jalan RS. Fatmawati 3, Pondok Labu, Jakarta Selatan

Jalan Gatot Subroto 10, Samarinda, kalimantan Timur.

 

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Materi Kuliah Semantics

 Talk about semantic, we talk about the meaning. There are many meanings in the words. As we know, if the words are formed, the will have new meaning. New meaning from the new word will discuss about Derivation.

•  Derivation

 Derivation is the process forming of new words according to a (fairly) regular pattern on the basis of the pre-existing word.

Example:  the word “ Sweep”  + er    become Sweeper

                It is a process of derivation

Derivation Process

The process of derivation is called “The simultaneous process.”
They are three process of derivation:
1.    Morphological process
2.    Syntactic process
3.    Semantics process

1.  Morphological-process

          Morphological Process is the adding of prefix or suffix in the pre existing words.
           (e.g Changing the shape of a word by adding a prefix and suffix)

• Prefixes and Suffixes

            A prefix is a group of letters added before a word or base to alter its meaning and form a new word. In contrast, a suffix is a group of letters added after a word or base
Prefixes and Suffixes Word Lists

Prefixes and Suffixes Word Lists
anti-	de-	dis-	ex-	mis-	-ly
pre-	re-	un-	-ful	-less	-er

Example of Morphological Process:

The root word of “ Love” (Verb) is added by the  Suffix –Er, It becomes “Lover” (noun)

2.    Syntactic Process
       Syntactic Process is changing  the part of speech.(e.g.: from verb to noun)

       E.g. : clean becomes cleaner
       Clean is from adjective and it becomes noun.

3.    Semantics process
       It is producing a new sense  of the words.

E.g.  Sweep  be sweeper

 ( sweep (V) or verb, and  sweeper can be as noun and also can be as human).

      

Changeable words	Morphological Process	Syntactic Process	Semantic Process
Laugh: Laughter	Add suffix –ter	Change verb to noun	Produce word denoting an act or activity
Write: writer	Add suffix –er	Change verb to noun	Produce word denoting an agent
Happy: Happiness	Add suffix -ness	Change adjective to noun	Produce word denoting a property

Every derivation should has three simultaneous process
a.    Zero derivation  without morphological process.
       e. g: swim (verb)  --> swim (noun)

b.    Derivation without syntactic process
        It is possible that the syntactic process is unseen?
       Anwer :  Yes, it is.
        E.g: small (adj) -->smaller (adj)
        But that all there are a changes of sense.
         Three kinds of Derivation, they are:
        1.    An Inchoative from denotes the beginning, or coming into existence, of some state.

               e. g: Dark (adjective) denotes a state. Darken (intransitive verb), as in Darken in my Face.

         2.    A causative  from denotes an action which causes something to happen.

                e.g.:  ‘Open’ (verb) can become ‘Open’ (adjective

• I open the meeting. (verb)

• It is an open meeting.(adjective)

           3.    A  resultative from denotes a state resulting from some action.

     e.g: Broken  (used as adjective) is the resultative from corresponding to break (transitive verb). 

      The sate of being Broken  result from the action breaking.

A derivational process is completely PRODUCTIVE if it can be used to produce an existing derived word from EVERY appropriate source word.

SUPPLETION is a process whereby, in irregular and idiosyncratic cases, substitution of a MORPHOLOGICAL UNRELATED from is associated with the specific semantic and/or syntactic processes normally accompanying a morphological process.

Conclusion:
So from the explanation above, the derivation  makes the new words, so that we have many vocabs.


References

Hurford, James R. Dan  Harsley, Brendan. 1986. Semantics: a Course Book. Australia: Cambridge University Press